Open hole drilling is used as a quick and efficient method of gathering important information from a borehole survey. Specific drill bits are used depending on the geology and rock formation. The drill string and is rotated mostly vertically but sometimes horizontally, depending on the specific needs of the job.
Drill bits (drag bit, Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD), Tri-cone/Rock Rollers) or down the hole hammers (DTH hammer) have to be removed and swapped around the end of the drill string occasionally when different strata is encounter in the borehole.
Each specific drill bit has its own strengths and is suited to specific tasks. A drag bit is used for cutting soft materials, such as soil, clay and sand. A tri-cone/rock roller is used for drilling medium strength materials, such as boulders and gravels. A PCD bit or DTH hammer is used to drill hard materials, such as rock formation.